Jadán Veríñez, Mary-Beatriz, 1986, La cerámica del complejo Piquigua, Fase VIII de la Cultura Valdivia, en San Isidro Norte de Manabí: un análisis modal. Tesis de Licenciatura, ESPOL, Guayaquil, Ecuador.

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Zeidler, J., 1984, Social Space in Valdivia Society; Community Patterning and Domestic Structure at Real Alto 3000-2000 B.C., Urbana, University of Illinois, Ph.D. dissertation.

Allison Clement Paulsen, 1970, A Chronology of Guangala and Libertad Ceramics of the Santa Elena Peninsula, Columbia University, Ph.D. dissertation

Masucci, M., 1992, Ceramic Change in the Guangala Phase, Southern Ecuador: a Typology and Chronology, Dallas, Southern Methodist University, Ph.D. dissertation

Lippi, R., 1983, La Ponga and the Machalilla Phase of Coastal Ecuador, Madison, University of Wisconsin, Ph. D. dissertation.

Currie, E., 1989, Cultural Relationships in Southern Ecuador, 300 BC-AD 300: Excavations at the Guarumal and Punta Brava sites, London, University College, Ph.D. dissertation.

Staller, J., 1994, Late Valdivia Occupation in Southern Coastal El Oro Province, Ecuador: Excavations at the Early Formative Period (3500-1500 B.C.) site of La Emerenciana, Dallas, Southern Methodist University, Ph. D. dissertation.

Damp, J., 1979, Better Homes and Gardens: the Life and Death of the Early Valdivia Community, Calgary, University of Calgary. Ph.D. dissertation.

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Stothert, K., 1974, The Lithic Technology in the Santa Elena Peninsula, Ecuador: a method for the analysis of technologically simple stone work, New Haven, Yale University, Ph. D. dissertation.

Deborah Pearsall, 1978, The application of ethnobotanical techniques to the problem of subsistence in the Ecuadorian Formative, Urbana, University of Illinois. Ph. D. dissertation.